While the
European Union (EU) has become increasingly crucial for the life and the work
of its 450M citizens, the European integration process itself has historically
been characterized by cyclical crises. While looking back, it is clear that economic
and political tensions have previously opened new opportunities for widening
and deepening the EU's integration. The present crisis seems different. A
long-term falling trend of public trust in national and EU institutions has
been undermining the European integration process and more recently “citizen
dissatisfaction with national governments and disaffection from the EU has been
on the rise” (Schmidt, 2015, p.57). The EU has had to face a long-lasting
economic crisis, accompanied by the rise of populist and anti-EU parties that
have been present in the European Parliament since the last two legislatures.
Today, and on top of the political crisis described earlier, for the first time
in the history of the EU, an unexpected force of disruption, such as the health
crisis caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, has contributed to create
an unprecedented critical situation for the European Union.
Aware of
this epochal conjuncture, European leaders and Policy Makers have called for
"The Future of Europe'' conference. This Conference should help to address
the crisis openly, enlarge the participation of European citizens in European
governance, and ultimately define the fundamental values and principles that
have shaped the European communities, whose building “has always been plagued
by uncertainty” (Williams, 2009, p.551). Following the delay caused by the
COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the debate is now restarting with renewed energies.
Recently, the European Commission has launched the European Democracy Action
Plan (EDAP) to counter disinformation and the rise of extremism and nurture
pluralism in the European public space. Media, politics, and Institutions are
all involved in contrasting the rise of extremism and reducing the distance
between people and politicians, strengthening media freedom, and fighting
disinformation. The EDAP tries to connect traditional goals pursued by the
institutions over time: citizens’ empowerment and participation, transparency,
innovation as institutional tools to improve internal cohesion in the European
Public Sphere.