Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Media. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Media. Mostrar todas las entradas

26 de diciembre de 2022

*CFP* "CIUDADANÍA COMUNICACIONAL EMERGENTE", NÚMERO 40, REVISTA CONTRATEXTO

El número 40 de Contratexto acoge la relación entre ciudadanía, comunicación y diversidad. El antecedente de la propuesta temática está en el concepto de “ciudadanía democrática" que enfatiza la justicia social y los derechos, pero con el tiempo y fruto de procesos políticos, innovaciones tecnológicas y del acceso a la educación aparecieron las denominaciones de “ciudadanía comunicacional” y “ciudadanía mediática”.

La ciudadanía comunicacional se construye a través diálogos e interacciones, interpela al poder y ayuda al surgimiento de nuevas vinculaciones que alientan al ciudadano como protagonista de la vida política (Uganda, 2015).

La ciudadanía comunicacional implica mecanismos que impiden la monopolización y la homogeneización de los múltiples sentidos culturales, contribuye a la igualdad de oportunidades (Ottaviano, 2013), supone la participación creativa de las personas porque no hay democracia política sin democracia comunicacional (Mutirão de comunicação, 2010).

1 de marzo de 2022

*CFP* "LAS SERIES DE TELEVISIÓN COMO OBJETO DE ESTUDIO MULTIDISCIPLINAR", VOL. 14 Nº 1, REVISTA MEDITERRÁNEA DE COMUNICACIÓN

Con fecha 28 de diciembre de 2020, Teseo, la base de datos del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, que recoge las tesis doctorales defendidas en España desde el año 1976, identifica un total de 600 trabajos de alumnado de Doctorado que incluyen el término de búsqueda series de televisión; en su título y/o resumen. Esa misma búsqueda documental, llevada a cabo en la base de datos Dialnet (tipología Tesis), recoge 363 registros que aluden al concepto series de televisión, de los cuales, el 78% fueron defendidos entre los años 2010 y 2019. Estamos, pues, ante un objeto de estudio relevante y latente que sigue suscitando a día de hoy el interés no solo de la audiencia televisiva y social, sino también el de la comunidad investigadora, científica, académica y profesional a nivel internacional.

Las series de televisión han sido, son y serán estudiadas desde diferentes perspectivas: audiovisual, educativa, social, profesional, artística, lingüística, técnica, transmedial y comercial-publicitaria, entre otras.

Se trata de un objeto de estudio altamente consumido por los principales destinatarios de los contenidos formativos que se enseñan en las aulas, independientemente del nivel educativo -primaria, secundaria, grado y postgrado- y que por tanto reúne gran variedad de aspectos sobre los que se forma al alumnado. Por ello, el profesorado debe conocer, al menos de forma general, los contenidos de ficción audiovisual más consumidos por la juventud, para tratar de convertir su dedicación docente en contenidos relevantes que capaciten al alumnado a través de contenidos, herramientas, estrategias y técnicas que susciten su interés, motivación e implicación.

16 de noviembre de 2021

*CFP* "LA IGUALDAD DE GÉNERO: UNA LUCHA CONSTANTE", NÚMERO 22, COMMUNICATION PAPERS: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH JOURNAL

“La Estrategia Europea para la Igualdad de Género presenta actuaciones y objetivos políticos para avanzar de forma sustancial hacia una Europa con mayor igualdad de género de aquí a 2025. La meta es una Unión en la que las mujeres, los hombres, los niños y las niñas, en toda su diversidad, dispongan de libertad para seguir el camino que elijan en la vida, gocen de las mismas oportunidades para prosperar y puedan conformar y dirigir por igual la sociedad europea en la que vivimos”. Esta declaración es el punto de partida del Call for papers de este Número 22 que esperemos no acabe en un brindis al sol.

Aunque la presencia cada vez mayor de las mujeres en el mercado de trabajo y sus logros educativos y de formación son tendencias alentadoras, persisten las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres, manifiestas en la brecha salarial, en la infrarrepresentación en los puestos de responsabilidad, en los estereotipos presentes en los relatos mediàticos y, en general, en todos esos sesgos que las discriminan y las invisibilizan.

El peso de la sociedad patriarcal ha conllevado una visión androcéntrica, normalizada durante muchos años, que penetra en las rutinas de trabajo y se transmite a través de la comunicación. La incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la comunicación, y la normalización y el equilibrio de la representación que, desde los medios de comunicación, se hace de mujeres y Hombres, son elementos básicos para poder llegar a una sociedad igualitaria y libre de violencias machistas.

12 de noviembre de 2021

*CFP* "HUMANISM AND THE FICTIONAL REPRESENTARIONS OF MONARCHS IN LITERATURE, ARTS AND MEDIA", BOOK CHAPTER

When Gilgamesh rejected the advances of Ishtar and refused to do what his father did, he renounced the status of the chosen lover and champion of the Goddess and (unwittingly) decided to be human. The death of Enkido made him realize that he is no longer favored by the Gods. His failed attempt to reach immortality can be read as an attempt to regain the former status he renounced. The epic of Gilgamesh, like other epics, anounces the severing of the connection between the divine and the human in the political realm. After Gilgamesh, the biographies of Mesopotamian rulers started to seem more human despite the formulaic presence of the divine. In ancient Egypt and ancient Greece, Monarchs were either gods or descendents of gods. In the Medieval age, he devine right of kings replaced the old myths about the divine lineage of monarchs. Machiavelli's realpolitiks and the advent of Renaissance humanism put the concept of divine right in question. The human rather than the divine started to define the monarchs in the West. In the East, however, while Europe was restricting its monarchs, the Meiji restoration puts the emperor at the center of the political system in Japan. The Victorian and Edwardian ages are the last literary periods to be named after monarchs. They both witnessed the rise of Gothic literature. The figure of Dracula strikes the reader as a monarchic figure. But this monarch is a posthuman figure cursed with immortality and a hunger for human blood. In recent years, the gothic and horror genres have gained remarkable popularity in cinema and popular culture. The figures of the Mummy and the vampire are usually depicted as monarchic figures that seek revenge for past wrongs. Revenge is closely related to the theme of royalty. In classical and Renaissance, modern and contemporary revenge narratives where loyalty to a deceased patriarch gives legitimacy to the actions of their heirs. Indeed, revenge narratives in Shakespeare and beyond are generally based on father-son emotional dynamics. These emotional dynamics are described as monarchic by Martha C Nussbaum in her book Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice. In Victorian and contemporary horror fiction, the father-son dynamics are more complex as the royal father is the past self of the revenant. 

3 de noviembre de 2021

*CFP* "FANTASY ACROSS MEDIA", GIFCON 2022

The Centre for Fantasy and the Fantastic is pleased to announce a call for papers for Glasgow International Fantasy Conversations (GIFCon) 2022 with the theme of 'Fantasy Across Media'.

Much of fantasy studies has focused on the genre’s presence in literature, with histories and theoretical frameworks often either implicitly or explicitly centring the written word. In some cases, academic, critic, and fan responses to the genre outside of literature even go so far as to erase or question the possibility of the genre’s existence in other media, perhaps most famously embodied in J.R.R. Tolkien’s insistence in ‘On Fairy-stories' that some media, such as drama, are fundamentally incompatible with fantasy. These types of responses fail to account for the medium-specific benefits and challenges that different media pose for depictions of the impossible, serving to establish hierarchies between media, exclude non-literary media from analyses of the genre, and potentially limit a full understanding of the genre’s history.

Fantasy and the fantastic have had long, rich histories outside of literature, playing a central role in the development of theatre, film, and comic books, and celebrating a more recent boom on the small screen. Furthermore, from the innumerable reimaginings of the Arthurian tradition, to The Wizard of Oz, to manga and anime, to contemporary multimedia franchises and cinematic universes, fantasy texts have been integral to the history of transmedia storytelling, allowing their rich storyworlds to expand across multiple media. 

*CFP* LLAMADA A ARTÍCULOS, VOL. 1 Nº 2 (2022), REVISTA SERIARTE

SERIARTE es una revista, con revisión por pares, creada con la intención de proporcionar un espacio a la investigación, el debate teórico, metodológico y crítico sobre las series televisivas y el arte de los nuevos medios audiovisuales.

La profunda transformación experimentada por el entorno, la difusión y el consumo de la imagen en movimiento, además de la rápida expansión bajo el impacto de la tecnología digital, ha llevado a los académicos en el campo de los estudios del audiovisual a elaborar nuevos paradigmas teóricos y enfoques metodológicos para dar cuenta de las complejidades de un panorama cambiante de convergencia e hibridación, unos paradigmas que, además, se traducen en el avance y la transferencia de unos conocimientos que encuentran su reflejo en la sociedad actual. Teniendo en cuenta este escenario en evolución, SERIARTE facilita un espacio internacional para el estudio de las series televisivas y los nuevos medios de comunicación como el cine, los videojuegos, los videoclips o las plataformas digitales, entre otros. Todo ello atendiendo al compromiso crítico, la discusión científica de naturaleza teórica y el análisis de las obras. Para ello dispone de las siguientes secciones: Artículos (Monográfico y Miscelánea), Tribuna, Reseñas y Crítica.

Convocatoria del Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022)

6 de octubre de 2021

*CFP* "NATIONALISM AND MEDIA", 31ST ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF ETHNICITY AND NATIONALISM

31st Annual Conference of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism (ASEN)

5-7 April 2022 in Antwerp (Belgium)

Nationalism and media

 

For as long as nationalist movements have existed, ideological pamphlets, historical novels that constructed a romantic national past to visual arts and hashtags such as #maga on Twitter have instrumentalised media. Next to disseminating explicit nationalist messages, media (printed press and visual arts included) also play a role for nationalism by making national symbols and discourses part of everyday life. By continuously providing representations of the nation and by presenting the world as a world of nations, media help to naturalise nationalism.

Since Karl Deutsch’s Nationalism and social communication (1953/1966), many studies of nationalism and national movements have pointed at the role of media. Most famously, in Imagined Communities (1983), Benedict Anderson emphasized the importance of ‘print capitalism’ in the emergence of modern nations. The growing distribution of newspapers, magazines, books and other print media facilitated language standardisation and literacy and through that to the development of a collective consciousness and the formation of an imagined community.

5 de octubre de 2021

*CFP* "THE CLIMATE CATASTROPHE: A CREATIVE AND CRITICAL SURVIVAL GUIDE", BOOK PROJECT

The Climate Catastrophe: A Creative and Critical Survival Guide is a book project that builds on the ethos of the three (to date) eco_media symposia, in proposing an interdisciplinary response to the various catastrophes – human and nonhuman – currently threatening the planet. The editors of The Climate Catastrophe are posting an open call for chapter proposals. Chapters should address the current climate situation in various ways: some pieces will be critical/theoretical/empirical in nature, where others will recount and describe creative approaches through art, filmmaking, sound design, and photography.

With the circulation of vaccines around the world, we thought we were shifting to a new phase of life after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the Delta variant of the virus threatens populations worldwide, plunging millions back into lockdown. The core questions for this publication will thus be: how might we maintain focus on environmental issues, on the ever-present existential threat that predated the chaos of 2020? How has the pandemic changed – and how does it continue to change – our approach to or understanding of our world and our place in it? What creative, theoretical, empirical or philosophical approaches might best help us move forward in innovative and responsible ways?

Topics could include — but are not limited to:

4 de octubre de 2021

*CFP* "COMUNICAR SOBRE LA CRISIS CLIMÁTICA EN LA ERA COVID-19: CONEXIONES, INNOVACIONES Y NUEVOS RETOS", VOL. 28, Nº 3, REVISTA ESTUDIOS SOBRE EL MENSAJE PERIODÍSTICO

Comunicar adecuadamente el problema climático en una sociedad inmersa en sobreinformación y desinformación presenta no pocas dificultades. Pero también es cierto que, ahora más que nunca, los periodistas cuentan con herramientas de fact checking y con posibilidades de acceso y manejo de big data que abren grandes oportunidades para informar en una época marcada por el uso de plataformas, blogs, redes sociales e interacción con el público.

Los medios de comunicación también tienen mucho que aportar en la promoción de la  Education for Environmental Citizenship (EEC), que busca desarrollar en la ciudadanía las competencias necesarias para lograr una implicación cívica activa y crítica (ENEC, 2018), especialmente por parte de las generaciones más jóvenes. Precisamente The Oslo Metropolitan University ha mostrado su preocupación por llegar mejor a este colectivo, celebrando a finales de 2020 la conferencia Improving Climate Journalism, Engaging the Youth. En ella se debatió sobre cómo debería ser un buen periodismo que informe sobre la crisis climática con rigor científico al tiempo que sea innovador y atractivo para audiencias a las que los medios tradicionales no siempre llegan.

1 de octubre de 2021

*CFP* LLAMADA A PARTICIPACIÓN, III CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE COMUNICACIÓN Y REDES EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN

III Congreso Internacional de Comunicación y Redes en la Sociedad de la Información

Universidad de Salamanca

3 y 4 de marzo de 2022 (presencial)

 

El impacto de las redes sociales ha continuado creciendo de forma espectacular en la última década, tanto en número de usuarios y tiempo invertido en ellas, como en los ingresos obtenidos. El fenómeno de las redes sociales está cobrando aún más importancia gracias a la posibilidad de acceso a través de la banda ancha móvil, mediante aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles. Ambos fenómenos se retroalimentan y configuran un binomio de éxito dentro de la Sociedad de la Información.

Los usuarios de las redes sociales tienen ahora la capacidad de conectarse, opinar, seguir a sus amigos, informar, etc., en tiempo real. El acceso a las redes sociales en movilidad aporta un valor añadido al propio servicio, ya que el usuario está siempre conectado y puede interactuar en todo momento, independientemente del lugar en el que se encuentre.

30 de septiembre de 2021

*CFP* "EXHIBITING THE HOLOCAUST IN THE IMMEDIATE POSTWAR PERIOD: HISTORIES, PRACTICES AND POLITICS", SPECIAL ISSUE, THE JOURNAL OF HOLOCAUST RESEARCH

Exhibitions were a crucial medium of Holocaust memory in the immediate postwar period. Between 1944-1950, hundreds of exhibitions were mounted across war torn Europe and the United States that sought to tell the story of World War II, Nazi Crimes, and the Holocaust. Already on the day after liberation, the process of “museumification” was initiated. Political prisoners and Allied soldiers organized impromptu site-specific exhibits in the concentration and extermination camps. Small, low-tech, DIY exhibitions were mounted in the Displaced Persons camps and Historical Commissions by Jewish survivors. Impressive blockbusters sponsored by governmental ministries and international organizations, such as the United Nations War Crimes Commission, opened in museums across Europe. Varying in their budgets, resources, tone, media, and function, these exhibitions were intended to convince and convict but also to inform, educate, and commemorate. Whether meticulously planned and generously funded or makeshift and improvised, they offered their visitors a different “way of seeing” and interpreting the violence, atrocity, and human rights abuses of the recent past.

Exhibitions not only illustrate history, they also shape it. Despite their central role in shaping our understanding and representation of Nazi crimes and victim experiences, these early postwar exhibitions have received little scholarly attention to date. Yet their impact rivals the media of monuments, photography, and film, cutting across national and political lines and belying the “Myth of Silence” regarding the postwar period that David Cesarani so persuasively debunked. Reconstructing these exhibition histories can tell us a great deal about how different nations, communities, and individuals chose to remember, and what they privileged and understood about the war. It can help us construct a historiography of Holocaust representation, tracing the canonization of certain practices and images, as well as certain modes of presentation. This special issue hopes to offer a more nuanced understanding of exhibitions as a neglected but important medium of early Holocaust memory.

29 de septiembre de 2021

*CFP* "SOCIOSEMIOTIC CRITIQUE. A LOTMANIAN PERSPECTIVE", ISSUE 5 (2022), SOCIAL SEMIOTIC JOURNAL

In 2022 – the centenary of the birth of Juri Lotman – we invite you to focus on the potentiality of his semiotic theory (including ideas of as personality, translation, creolization, autocommunication, self-description, semiosphere) to critique power structures and ideological processes in semiosic phenomena.

We invite contributors to prepare an analytical essay focusing on a specific case study of a semiotic artefact or type of artefact, demonstrating how Lotmanian theory can fuel a critique of the limitations on, and variations in, the ways in which the semiotic resources/practices in question may perpetuate biases, imbalance or legitimize and maintain kinds of power interests.

At this stage, we solicit not papers but a proposal of between 1000 and 1500 words length, with bibliographic references included. On this basis, we will select 8 proposals, to be developed in an essay of 7/8000 words (bibliography included).

Proposals should be sent to: (annamaria.lorusso@unibo.it) and (franciscu.sedda@gmail.com).

Deadline CfP: 30 October 2021

28 de septiembre de 2021

*CFP* "MOB CENSORSHIP AND DIGITAL VIOLENCE AGAINST THE PRESS IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE", SPECIAL ISSUE, JOURNAL OF DIGITAL JOURNALISM

Online violence against journalists is a global phenomenon. Recent studies have documented patterns suggesting that specific groups of journalists defined by gender, ethnicity, race, sexuality, and religion, are likely targets of digital harassment, doxing and other forms of violence. Violence is perpetrated by ordinary citizens, states, and para-state actors. This special issue focuses on mob censorship in digital spaces against journalists and the press. Mob censorship is understood as violence exercised by ordinary citizens against journalists with the intention to intimidate and silence the press. The study of mob censorship sheds light into the patterns, the causes, and the effects of violence against journalism and the right of expression of citizens in the digital society. As expression has become more abundant through digital platforms, so has violence against journalists and other actors with visible, prominent positions in the public sphere.

The aim of the special issue is to contribute novel empirical findings and theoretical and conceptual innovations in the study of digital violence against the press, as well as to provide recommendations for addressing the problem. We invite theoretical and empirical contributions from around the world that address questions in the areas of mob censorship, digital hate and journalism, anti-press violence, freedom of expression, and journalistic safety. Studies grounded in various theoretical frameworks and that use different research designs and methodologies are welcome. Comparative, cross-national perspectives might be particularly useful to comprehend causes and manifestations of mob censorship in different political regimes and information contexts.

*CFP* "INVESTIGATING TRUE CRIME & THE MEDIA", JOURNALISM@NEWCASTLE CONFERENCE

"Investigating True Crime & the Media"

Journalism@Newcastle


23 June 2022


Submissions are open to researchers, PhD students, and practitioners working in the field, and parity of esteem will be afforded to both theoretically-driven and practice-related papers.

We particularly welcome submissions from diverse voices and nations and regions beyond Western perspectives. The aims of the conference and  double issue are to explore current and emerging concepts, developments and potential future trajectories of true crime narratives and  production from a global perspective.

27 de septiembre de 2021

*CFP* CALL FOR PARTICIPATION, IASPM XXI 2022 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF POPULAR MUSIC

IASPM XXI 2022

International Association for the Study of Popular Music

Daegu, South Korea, 5-9 July 2022 (hybrid format)

 

On behalf of the IASPM XXI 2022 Organizing Committee, we are pleased to invite you to the International Association for the Study of Popular Music (IASPM) to be held at Daegu, South Korea on 5-9 July 2022. As you all know, IASPM 2021 originally to be held in July 2021 was postponed for 12 months. Due to this postponement, we are reopening Call for Presentations (CFP) for those who missed the chance to apply first time around and those who wish to revise or replace their original proposals.

Having been held every two years since 1981, IASPM is now one of world's most prestigious international conferences of popular music studies. It will be a fascinating opportunity for participants to share the latest information and knowledge in the diverse areas of popular music.

24 de septiembre de 2021

*CFP* "CINEMATIC BOND AT 60: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES", A HISTORY RESEARCH GROUP SYMPOSIUM

Cinematic Bond at 60: National and International Perspectives

A History Research Group Symposium

Bournemouth University (Online), 4 March 2022

 

In 1962 the first James Bond film, Dr No (Terence Young) was released. The film was a huge financial success for EON productions, catapulted Sean Connery to lifelong stardom and started a period of Bondmania that lasted for most of the 1960s. As a cultural icon and cultural phenomenon, James Bond and the Bond film have become a globally recognised brand. 

The films have been widely analysed for their spectacle, their often problematic engagement with masculinity, gender relations and cultural appropriation as well as the ideological implications of how they engage with their backdrop of social and geopolitical change across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. With 2022 marking 60 years of the cinematic Bond and the latest instalment, No Time to Die (Cary Fukunaga), due (allegedly) for release in October 2021, critical reflections on this ongoing franchise are relevant and timely.

23 de septiembre de 2021

*CFP* "MEDIATING DIGITAL SOCIETY AND INDIVIDUALS: JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION IN THE TIMES OF UNCERTAINTY", MOSCOW READINGS CONFERENCE

On 18-19 November 2021, the Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Moscow State University will hold its annual Moscow Readings conference. The topic is 'Mediating Digital Society and Individuals: Journalism and Communication in the Times of Uncertainty'. The conference will be organized as a virtual event, with all sessions taking place online. Moscow Readings conferences is co-sposored by the International Association for Media and Communication Research - IAMCR, and organized in partnership with IAMCR Digital Divide Working Group, IAMCR Communication in Post- and Neo-Authoritarian Societies Working Group, IAMCR Journalism Research and Education Section, UNESCO chair in communication, European Journalism Training Association, the Global Risk Journalism Hub, and National Association of Mass Media Researchers.

Today, historical transformations affecting media industries and production such as digitalization, consolidation, deregulation and related trends identified by scholars long ago (Hamelink, 1998) amplify and accelerate due to new disruptive processes influencing media work on a global scale. This includes the rapid growth of platform power and platform convergence, the emergence of telecommunications giants as competitors in the content market, and growing concerns about sustainability of the news industry and journalism as a profession in this context (Deuze, & Prenger, 2019; Meese, 2021).

22 de septiembre de 2021

*CFP* "SPECULATIVE FICTION'S INTERSECTIONS WITH POSTHUMANISM AND NEW MATERIALISM", SPECIAL ISSUE, EXTRAPOLATION JOURNAL

Extrapolation invites papers for a special issue investigating how speculative fiction, broadly conceived, dramatizes the tensions between the material limitations of the body and efforts to think beyond the human subject in posthumanism and new materialism. Taking our cues from contemporary authors like Jeff VanderMeer, Nalo Hopkinson, Caitlín Kiernan, Kathe Koja, Ken Liu, and China Miéville, we will examine how experimentation with form serves to articulate human practices for enduring and even flourishing in our extra-human reality. We are particularly invested in the ways speculative texts critique the centrality of the human while remaining attentive to the lived experience of the material body as it responds to ecological, technological, and economic demands that exceed human capacities of understanding.

Despite its modest aim to investigate thought and life that operates beyond the boundaries of enlightenment humanism, the field of the critical posthumanities often employs a rhetoric of extremes that invites us to abolish, expunge, contort, challenge, and undo the category of the human entirely. Yet, this expansive model of posthuman(ist) thought is often haunted by bodies, environments, and matter that resist being tamed by intellectual abstraction. Concomitantly, the turn to new materialism takes up problems of inter-relation and ecological co-constitution, offering ethical practices for coping with threats posed by the Anthropocene. Aiming to think more expansively than anthropocentrism allows, new materialist discourse disavows the human subject as the agent of our world to describe, instead, how agency—or animacy—is distributed beyond the human. 

21 de septiembre de 2021

*CFP* "MEMORY, GUILT AND SHAME", 3RD INTERNATIONAL INTERISCIPLINARY ONLINE CONFERENCE

Memory, guilt and shame

3rd International Interdisciplinary Conference

Conference online (via Zoom)

 

The 20th century – an epoch of genocides – will be forever associated with feelings of guilt and shame. And it is not only the case of perpetrators. People are still ashamed of their ancestors and of the members of their nations, societies or families. Those who suffered from crimes and cruelties often experience survivor guilt, a mysterious phenomenon that psychotherapists try to tame. The status of bystanders is nowadays more and more often called into question, as it became clear that remaining “neutral” in the face of violence and atrocities was simply impossible. At the same time, many of both the victims and executioners make efforts to forget about the past events and repress the uncomfortable emotions. Others forget the facts involuntarily. Yet others cultivate false memories of what never occurred. Politicians impose their own narratives of history, with the hope of re-shaping the common convictions and achieving their short-sighted goals. Therefore, researchers dealing with memory studies of various kinds aim at explaining the complex relations of facts and phantasms, real and imagined guilt, justified and irrational shame.