Today, we
observe how multicultural societies in the Global South and Global North
regions of the world are facing new challenges brought up by the digital
divide. Previously analysed by scholars as inequalities in access to Internet
and ICTs (van Dijk, 2013) and in use of digital technologies (Helsper, 2002),
today digital divide has extended to new levels, forms and domains. This
includes inequalities in benefits or tangible outcomes people receive through
their online engagement (van Dijk, 2020), different level of users’ digital
capital (Gladkova, Vartanova, & Ragnedda, 2020), and previously
understudied gaps such as algorithms divide (Ragnedda, 2020). Given the fact
that social and digital inequalities tend to reinforce each other, those who
are more socially advantaged tend to get the most out of the Internet, further reinforcing
their social position by using ICTs. This problem gains particular importance
in big multicultural and multi-ethnic societies, where providing equal
opportunities for online engagement for all minor groups spread across a huge
territory of the country can be a serious challenge.
Previous
research on Russia (Vartanova, & Gladkova, 2019), Brazil (Nishijima et al,
2017), China (Song et al, 2020), India (Rani, 2020), South Africa (Mutsvairo,
& Ragnedda, 2019) and many other multicultural nations that have so far
received less coverage in scholarly literature compared to European countries
(van Deursen, & van Dijk, 2013), Middle East (Jamil, 2020) or the U.S.
(Dutton, & Reisdorf, 2019) showed that many ethnic and cultural groups
across the globe face common difficulties in accessing Internet and ICTs. Many
indigenous groups are traditionally based in regions that are less economically
advantaged or have harsh climatic conditions and low urbanization level, which
affects cost and speed of connection, as well as availability of infrastructure
and ICTs to a broad population in those regions.