Since the beginning of China’s self-modernizing process and the birth of
Chinese feminist movements in the first decade of 20th century, women’s bodies
and desires have frequently been marshalled in service of male-dominated
nationalistic and (post-)socialist discourses of China and Chineseness. The
ideological-political mobilization of female gender, sexuality, and
subjectivity has considerably transformed and complicated contemporary Chinese
televisual representations of women. In the 21st century, Chinese cyberspace,
along with its flourishing creative and media industries, has witnessed an unexpected
“boom in women-oriented literature and culture” (Sun & Yang, 2019, p. 28).
Notably, the rise of local media and literature produced by and/or for women,
along with flows of feminist and LGBTQ movements within and beyond China in the
new millennium, first nurtured the cyber literature genre of “matriarchal
fiction.” Such fiction is often “set in a society ruled by women … [and]
describes a woman’s ascent to power in the public arena, or her success at
establishing and heading a happy domicile including one or more male sexual
partners” (Feng, 2013, p. 85). This matriarchal narrative maneuver later led to
the widely popular “big heroine dramas” of Chinese TV in the past decade, the
narratives of which focus on the life trajectories, professional obstacles,
familial relationships, and romantic lives of female protagonists living in
either the contemporary era or a temporally and spatially remote world (Sun
& Yang, 2019, pp. 26-28). At the same time, a growing number of reality
shows, talk TV shows, dating programs, and lifestyle shows in the post-2010
years have addressed themes related to women’s sociocultural roles in both
professional and private milieus, such as parenting skills, same-sex
friendships and homosociality, and marital-familial issues in contemporary
China characterized by cosmopolitanism, post-feminism, digitization,
(post-)globalization, and deterritorialization.