Born out of
modern cinema, the essay film departed from the dominant forms of fiction and
documentary cinema in order to explore an unknown territory defined by
subjectivity, hybridization and reflection, evolving to become “a form that
thinks,” as Jean-Luc Godard defined it. The final decades of the 20th century
witnessed the consolidation of the essay film, which was enabled by postmodern
thought and culture, as well as by the development of video recording
technology. In this mode, works by Chris Marker, Roberto Rossellini, Orson
Welles, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Jonas Mekas, Harun Farocki, Agnès Varda, Wim
Wenders, Guy Maddin, Peter Watkins, Chantal Akerman, Alexander Kluge or Johan
van der Keuken, among many others, developed a practice of audiovisual thinking
for which Godard’s Histoire(s) du cinéma (1988-1998) could be considered the
epitome, marking a turning point that also took place at the century’s end.
Over the last twenty years, this essayistic practice has proliferated due to
the digital revolution, facilitating diverse experiences of subjectivity and
intimacy, and multiplying the possibilities of audiovisual editing; that is, of
the very thinking process that defines this filmic form. Taking this itinerary
into account, the 18th issue of Comparative Cinema proposes to address the
specificities of the audiovisual thinking process in the contemporary essay
film.
The most
notable studies devoted to the essay film have established its key traits – the
audiovisual expression of the thinking process and the self-reflexiveness of
subjectivity – and its specificities – issues related to its genealogy,
historical path and bond with the literary essay – allowing for the
consolidation of this research area. Several edited volumes have been decisive
in this regard, including: L’essai et le cinéma (Liandrat-Guigues and Gagnebin,
2004); La forma que piensa (Weinrichter, 2007); Jeux sérieux. Cinéma et art
contemporains transforment l’essai (Bacqué et al., 2015); and Essays on the
Essay Film (Alter and Corrigan, 2018).