From spray-on-wall to fanzines and community radio and television (Downing, 2008), social movements have historically appropriated ICTs to disseminate campaigns and contents as a necessary precondition for collective action (Stephansen, 2016). In the last decades, Internet technologies -e.g., mobiles, applications, socio-technical networks, webs, etc.- have been adopted to develop innovative organization and participation formulas, as well as to disseminate information in the network. Together with new decentralized and ubiquitous communication repertoires (Mattoni, 2013), the current "technologization" of collective action has led to transmedia mobilizations (Costanza-Chock, 2013) and hybrid activist practices (Treré, 2019).
These transcend the production of alternative contents to aim at the coproduction of knowledge, its circulation, aggregation, and remix (Lessig, 2012). Thus, Internet must be theoretically approached not just from its symbolic dimension but also as a new physical the infrastructure that offers certain "affordances", in special when social movements use private digital platforms (Cammaerts, 2015) that belong to corporations which are increasingly concentrated and dominated by a few global actors (Birkinbine, Gómez & Wasko, 2016).
